In gardening, transplanting is the technique of moving a plant from one location to another. Most often this takes the form of starting a plant from seed in optimal conditions, such as in a greenhouse or protected nursery bed, then replanting it in another, usually outdoor, growing location. Botanical transplants are used infrequently and carefully because they carry with them a significant risk of killing the plant. Different species and varieties react differently to transplanting; for some, it is not recommended. In all cases, avoiding transplant shock is the principal concern. Plants raised in protected conditions usually need a period of acclimatization, known as hardening off. Also, root disturbance should be minimized.

• extending the growing season by starting plants indoors, before outdoor conditions are favorable.
• protecting young plants from diseases and pests until they are sufficiently established.
• avoiding germination problems by setting out seedlings instead of direct seeding.

The stage of growth at which transplanting takes place, the weather conditions during transplanting, and treatment immediately after transplanting are other important factors.